A late nineteenth and early twentieth century “school” (German Schule) or scholarly movement that sought to interpret Judaism and Christianity in terms of their broader religious environment and historical legacy. These scholars, who were mostly German (such as H. Gunkel, W. Bousset, R. Reitzenstein, W. Wrede, R. Bultmann, W. Heitmüller), argued that Judaism and Christianity borrowed concepts, language and practices from other religious movements. So, for example, early Christian christology was indebted to a pre-Christian gnostic “primal man” myth, and there were antecedents for Christian baptism in the mystery religions. This movement is also known as the Religionsgeschichtliche Schule.
Arthur G. Patzia and Petrotta, Anthony J, Pocket Dictionary of Biblical Studies (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2002), 59
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